In countries where smoking prevalence has decreased, a corresponding decline in lung cancer incidence has been observed ( Despite these achievements, new alternatives to traditional tobacco have emerged, including vaping devices, nicotine replacement products (such as gums and patches), heated tobacco products (HTPs), and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), with or without nicotine ( Since their introduction, e-cigarettes have evolved rapidly in both design and technology, from early cig-a-like models resembling traditional cigarettes to vape pens, pod systems, and heat-not-burn (HnB) devices ( Although initially marketed as a harm-reduction tool, mounting evidence indicates that e-cigarettes pose significant health risks, especially for children and adolescents
Nobody wants to spend too much on something they smoke daily, but they also dont want something that feels cheap
Generally, rankings of attractiveness and appeal were more similar than rankings of harmfulness
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Measures A self-reported online questionnaire in the Thai language developed by the research team using Google Form was used for data collection