To obtain a broad cross section of EC users, survey participants were recruited from: (1) UC Riverside between May 2015 to August 2015 via email
Since acute exposure to non-flavored electronic cigarette aerosol was also shown to activate TRPA1 receptors in endothelial cells, this suggests that combined effects of propylene glycol and vanilla chemical flavorant may potentiate the adverse effect of each other or may exert greater side effects in vivo (105)
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