This was measured at baseline, and follow-up at 4, 8, and 12 years has been pursued with specific statistical regression models
Liquids follow the 100 mL rule
There are ways to estimate this, such as taking the trends in smoking prevalence before e-cigarettes (say, before 2010 in the US), projecting them forward to estimate what smoking trends would have looked like if they had continued uninterrupted, and comparing them to actual data
NSDUH Series H-47, HHS Publication No (SMA), Maryland, 13: 4805
Increased understanding of e-cigarette preference profiles can inform prevention efforts, provide insight for needed education, and inform effective regulatory actions to reduce use of tobacco and nicotine products among pregnant women
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